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Study today ( UPSC prelims mains )

13 Mar, 16:14

🔆 Tribal Revolts in India - Part 4

📍 1st Rampa Rebellion (1879) - Vizagapatnam
✅ Leader: Chedalandakondla Bheema Reddy
✅ Reason:
- Armed resistance by Rampa Reddies against oppressive forest laws.
- Guerrilla warfare between Golconda hills and Bhadrachalam taluk.
✅ Result: Many, including Bheema Reddy, died in battle; several were hanged.

📍 Naga Movement (1879) - North East India
✅ Leader: Tikendrajit Singh
✅ Reason:
- Series of uprisings against British intervention in Manipur.
- British attempted to capture Tikendrajit but failed initially.
✅ Result:
- British occupied Manipur on 27th April 1891.
- Tikendrajit was arrested and hanged on 13th August 1891.

📍 Sentinelese Tribal Revolt (1883) - Andaman & Nicobar Islands
✅ Leader: Not documented
✅ Reason: Attacked British intruders.
✅ Result: No documented outcome.

📍 Santhal Revolt (1855) - Dhanbad
✅ Leaders: Sidhu and Kanhu
✅ Reason:
- First peasant revolt against the Permanent Land Settlement of 1793.
- Santhals formed guerrilla warfare units and attacked British rule.
✅ Result:
- Declared Bhagalpur and Rajmahal autonomous.
- Revolt suppressed by 1856.

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13 Mar, 13:13

Репост из: CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF

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12 Mar, 17:25

🔆 Tribal Movements in India – Part 3

📍 Maria Rebellion (1842-63) – Bastar
Led by Bhupaldev, this uprising was a response to tax hikes imposed by the British. The tribals opposed revenue collection and British intervention. The rebellion was suppressed by British forces from Nagpur.

📍 Kond Revolt (1850) – Odisha
Under the leadership of Chakra Bisoi, the Kond tribe resisted British interference in their traditions and taxation. The British had outlawed human sacrifices, which the Konds saw as religious persecution. The rebellion was met with strong resistance from the British.

📍 Bhil Rebellion (1858) – Banswara
Led by Tantya Tope, this revolt was a protest against British rule and economic exploitation. The Bhils later formed the Bhil Raj under Govind Guru, but the British retaliated harshly to suppress the movement.

📍 Koi Revolt (1859) – Bastar
This uprising was a reaction to British encroachments into forests through timber logging contracts. King Bhairamdev and Nagul Dorla led the resistance, forcing the British to abolish unfair contract systems.

📍 Gond Rebellion (1860) – Adilabad
Led by Ramji Gond and Komrum Bhim, the rebellion stemmed from the British Forest Act, which displaced Gonds from their traditional lands. The Hyderabad Nizam’s taxation further worsened their hardships. Komrum Bhim was killed, but his fight for Gond sovereignty inspired later movements.

📍 Koya Revolt (1862) – Andhra Pradesh
Under Tomma Sora and Raja Anantayyar, the Koya tribes rebelled against British-imposed taxes, exploitation by police, and moneylenders. The British brutally suppressed the movement.

📍 Bhuiya Rebellion (1868) – Keonjhar
The rebellion, also known as the Ratna Meli Uprising, was led by Ratna Naik. It was triggered by a dispute over royal succession that led to mass tribal mobilization. Ratna Naik and his followers were executed by the British.

#Tribal_Movements

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12 Mar, 15:31

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12 Mar, 15:31

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11 Mar, 16:48

🔆 Jiyo Parsi Scheme

📍 Overview
✅ Launched: 2013-14
✅ Nodal Agency: Ministry of Minority Affairs
✅ Funding: Central Sector Scheme (Fully funded by the government)
✅ Mode of Assistance: Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT)

📍 Objectives
✅ Arrest and reverse the declining population of the Parsi community in India.
✅ Provide financial and medical support for fertility treatments, childcare, and elder care.

📍 Key Features
✅ Financial aid for infertility treatments.
✅ Support for childcare & elder care.
✅ Awareness programs to encourage participation.
✅ Over 400 births facilitated, aiding cultural and demographic preservation.

🔎 Jiyo Parsi is a vital initiative to sustain the Parsi community, ensuring its cultural and population revival in India. 🏛️👶

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11 Mar, 16:47

🔆 Stupa Worship & Bharhut Stupa

📍 Historical Significance
✅ Period: Mauryan/Sunga era (3rd century BCE)
✅ Location: Bharhut, Madhya Pradesh
✅ Patronage: Initially by Mauryas, later Sungas expanded it.

📍 Architectural & Artistic Features
✅ Renowned for intricate carvings depicting:
• Life of Buddha & early Buddhist traditions
• Jataka tales (stories of Buddha’s previous births)
• Narrative reliefs with inscriptions identifying donors & events
✅ One of the earliest examples of narrative sculpture in India.

📍 Religious & Cultural Impact
✅ A key monument in Buddhist art, influencing later stupa architecture.
✅ Reflects the shift from aniconic to iconic representation in Buddhism.
✅ Demonstrates early community patronage & devotion in Buddhist worship.

#art_and_culture

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11 Mar, 14:07

Репост из: CSE EXAM ( UPSC prelims mains) CAPF

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10 Mar, 18:24

🔆 International Solar Alliance (ISA) – Key Takeaways
📌 What is ISA?

Treaty-based intergovernmental organization for solar energy cooperation.
Launched by India & France at COP21 (Paris, 2015).
Headquarters: Gurugram, India.
Alliance of 123 countries, mostly sunshine countries 🌞 (between the Tropics).
Non-tropical countries can join without voting rights.

🎯 Objectives of ISA

✅ Mobilize $1 Trillion by 2030 for solar energy investments.
✅ Reduce cost of finance for solar projects.
✅ Promote solar technology & R&D collaboration.
✅ Scale-up solar applications in member countries.
✅ Create a common platform for knowledge exchange.
✅ Plan for World Solar Bank with $15 Billion initial capital.
🔥 ISA Targets

1000 GW of solar energy by 2030 ☀️.

🏆 Delhi Solar Agenda

Adopted at ISA Founding Conference.
ISA countries agreed to increase solar share in national energy mix.

🌍 Global Partnerships

Works with IRENA, IEA, UN, MDBs, & international agencies for sustainable solutions.

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10 Mar, 08:58

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Study today ( UPSC prelims mains )

9 Mar, 15:51

📌 INSV Tarini Sets Sail from Port Stanley (Falkland Islands for Cape Town)

✅ Mission: Part of the ‘Navika Sagar Parikrama-II’ expedition
✅ Crew: Two women Indian Navy officers –
Lieutenant Commander Dilna K.
Lieutenant Commander Roopa ✅ Current Leg: Fourth leg of global circumnavigation

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6 Mar, 18:44

🌞 Model Solar Village: A Step Towards Sustainable Rural India

✅ Objective:
🔹 One Model Solar Village per district to meet energy needs entirely through solar power.

✅ Implementation:
📌 Nodal Agency – Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE).
📌 Implemented under PM-Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana.
📌 ₹1 crore per village allocated, executed by State Renewable Energy Development Agencies (SREDA).

✅ Key Features:
🔸 Solarization of all households, water systems, streetlights, and public areas.
🔸 Financial Assistance: ₹1 crore per village based on Detailed Project Report (DPR).
🔸 Fund Disbursement: 40%-40%-20% model ensuring effective execution.

🌍 Empowering villages with clean energy for a sustainable future!

#RenewableEnergy #SolarPower #SustainableDevelopment #GreenIndia #PMYojana

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5 Mar, 18:33

🔆 Yaksha Sculptures & Their Significance

📍 Famous Sculptures/Paintings:
✅ Yaksha - Supravas, Ajakalak

📍 Monument Era/Dynasty:
✅ Bharhut Stupa (Mauryan/Sunga Period)

📍 Subject Matter:
✅ Yakshas are nature spirits in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism.
✅ Usually benevolent, but sometimes mischievous or capricious.
✅ Associated with water, fertility, trees, forests, treasure, and wilderness.
✅ Appear in Hindu, Jain, and Buddhist texts, and as guardian deities in ancient temples of South & Southeast Asia.

#ArtAndCulture #History #AncientIndia

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5 Mar, 18:13

Lake Tanganyika:
✅It is an ancient lake located in East Africa.
✅Bordering Countries: Burundi, Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Tanzania and Zambia.
It is extremely long, deepest and is the longest lake in the world, measuring over 400 miles long.
✅It occupies the southern end of the Western Rift Valley, and for most of its length the land rises steeply from its shores.
✅It is situated on the line dividing the floral regions of eastern and western Africa. The oil palms, which are characteristic of the flora of western Africa, grow along the lake’s shores.
✅The largest rivers discharging into the lake are the Malagarasi, the Ruzizi, and the
✅Its outlet is the Lukuga River, which flows into the Lualaba River.
✅Rice and subsistence crops are grown along the shores, and fishing is of some significance.

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4 Mar, 18:28

🔆 Bal Gangadhar Tilak: Legacy of a Freedom Fighter

📍 Context:
✅ PM recently paid tribute to Bal Gangadhar Tilak on his birth anniversary.

📍 Political Career:
✅ Joined Indian National Congress (INC) in 1890, opposed moderate views.
✅ Supported Swadeshi Movement & boycott of British goods.
✅ Key figure in extremist wing with Lal-Bal-Pal.
✅ Led Lucknow Pact (1916) with Jinnah for Hindu-Muslim unity.

📍 Imprisonment:
✅ Jailed for 18 months (1897) for sedition after the Chapekar brothers’ assassination.
✅ Sentenced to 6 years in Mandalay Jail for supporting revolutionaries (1908).

📍 Educationist:
✅ Established Deccan Education Society (1884) & founded Fergusson College.
✅ Taught mathematics at Fergusson College.

📍 All India Home Rule League:
✅ Founded Home Rule League (1916) with Annie Besant for self-government.
✅ His League was active in Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Central Provinces.

📍 Social Reforms:
✅ Promoted women’s education & ensured daughters married after 16.
✅ Initiated Ganesh Chaturthi & Shivaji Jayanti to foster unity & nationalism.

📍 Literary Contributions:
✅ Published newspapers: Mahratta (English) & Kesari (Marathi).
✅ Authored The Arctic Home in the Vedas & Gita Rahasya in Mandalay Jail.

#History #FreedomStruggle #UPSC

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4 Mar, 10:54

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4 Mar, 10:54

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4 Mar, 10:54

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3 Mar, 16:31

🔆 Amir Khusrau: The Parrot of India & Pioneer of Hindavi Literature

📍 Context:
✅ The Prime Minister of India attended the 25th edition of Jahan-e-Khusrau, a Sufi music festival celebrating Amir Khusrau’s contributions to India’s pluralistic Sufi tradition.
✅ Khusrau played a pivotal role in shaping Indian classical music, pioneering Hindavi (precursor to Hindi & Urdu), and popularizing Qawwali.

📍 Who Was Amir Khusrau?
✅ 13th-century poet, musician, and scholar, blending Persian & Hindavi traditions.
✅ Revered as “Tuti-yi-Hind” (Parrot of India) for his eloquent poetry.
✅ Disciple of Sufi saint Nizamuddin Auliya, balancing his role as a court poet with devotion to the Chishti Sufi order.

📍 Period & Patronage:
✅ Lived 1253-1325 CE under the Delhi Sultanate.
✅ Served five Delhi Sultans:
🔰 Muizuddin Qaiqabad
🔰 Jalaluddin Khalji (Bestowed title Amir)
🔰 Alauddin Khalji
🔰 Qutbuddin Mubarak Shah
🔰 Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq

📍 Family Background:
✅ Born in Patiyali, Etah (Uttar Pradesh).
✅ Father: Turkic noble from Central Asia, Mother: Indian Muslim.
✅ Migrated to India due to Mongol invasions in Transoxiana.

📍 Contributions of Amir Khusrau:
🔹 Literary Contributions:
✅ Wrote in Persian & Hindavi, blending Turkic, Persian & Indian cultures.
✅ Works include Masnavi (Nuh Siphir, Qiran-us-Saadain), Ghazals, Riddles, & Folk Poetry.
✅ Influenced early Hindi & Urdu literature with riddles & proverbs.

🔹 Musical Legacy:
✅ Introduced & popularized Qawwali, merging Persian, Arabic & Indian traditions.
✅ Crafted ragas, khayal singing, & bol-bant in Hindustani classical music.
✅ Believed to have invented the Sitar & Tabla (debated).

📍 Influence on Sufi Tradition & Ganga-Jamuni Tehzeeb:
✅ Advocated Hindu-Muslim unity, fostering India’s syncretic culture.
✅ His compositions are revered in Sufi traditions & sung at Sufi dargahs.

📍 Legacy & Enduring Influence:
✅ His Qawwalis (e.g., *Chhaap Tilak, Zehal-e-Maskeen, Sakal Ban Phool Rahi Sarson*) remain popular.
✅ Influenced later Persian, Urdu, & Hindi poets, shaping India’s composite culture.
✅ Buried near Nizamuddin Auliya’s Dargah, symbolizing their spiritual bond.

#History #SufiTradition #Music #UPSC

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1 Mar, 19:01

🔆 Sukanya Samriddhi Yojana (SSY) – Securing a Brighter Future for Girls

📍 Why in the News?
▪️ The Finance Ministry has increased the interest rate for SSY from 8% to 8.2% for the January-March (2024) quarter.

🔆 Quick Facts
✅ Purpose: Promote the welfare of the girl child
✅ Launched in: 2015 under Beti Bachao Beti Padhao campaign
✅ Beneficiaries: A maximum of two girl children per family
✅ Limitation: Only one account per girl child

📍 Objective
▪️ To provide a small investment for the girl child to facilitate education & marriage expenses.

🔆 Salient Features
✅ Account Opening: Can be opened in Post Offices & notified branches of Commercial Banks
✅ Maximum Accounts per Family: Upto two girl children (exceptions for twins/triplets)
✅ Account Portability: Can be transferred anywhere in India
✅ Interest Rate: Compounded yearly & credited to the account
✅ Maturity of Scheme: 21 years from the date of opening or on the girl’s marriage (whichever is earlier)
✅ Premature Withdrawal: Up to 50% for higher education after the girl turns 18 years old
✅ Tax Benefits: Eligible for Section 80C deductions under IT Act, 1961

📍 Documents Required
▪️ Sukanya Samriddhi Account Opening Form
▪️ Birth Certificate of the girl child
▪️ Identity Proof & Residence Proof (as per RBI KYC guidelines)

#SSY #SukanyaSamriddhiYojana #BetiBachaoBetiPadhao #FinancialSecurity

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