Nursing Exams 2024

Types of Viral Hepatitis

Type A Hepatitis (HAV), (infectious hepatitis)

•Is caused by an RNA virus of the enterovirus family.

•It spreads primarily by the fecal-oral route, usually through the ingestion of infected food or liquids.

•It may also spread from person-to-person contact and, rarely, by blood transfusion.

•Type A hepatitis occurs worldwide, especially in areas with overcrowding and poor sanitation.

Type B Hepatitis (HBW), (serum hepatitis)

•Is caused by a double-shelled virus containing DNA.

•It spreads primarily through blood (percutaneous and per mucosal route).

•It can also spread by way of saliva, breastfeeding, or sexual activity (blood, semen, saliva, or vaginal secretions.

•Male homosexuals are at high risk for infection.

•After acute infection, 10% of patients progress on to carrier status or develop chronic hepatitis.

•HBV is the main cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.

Type C Hepatitis (HCV),( non-A, non-B hepatitis, or posttransfusion hepatitis)

•Formerly called non-A, non-B hepatitis, usually spreads through blood or blood product transfusion, usually from asymptomatic blood donors.

•It may also be transmitted through unsterile piercing or tattooing tools or dyes.

•It commonly affects I.V. drug users and renal dialysis patients and personnel.

•HCV is the most common form of posttransfusion hepatitis.


Type D Hepatitis (HDV),(delta agent hepatitis)

•Also known as Delta hepatitis.

•Is caused by a defective RNA virus that requires the presence of hepatitis B-specifically, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) - to replicate.

•HDV occurs along with HBV or may superinfect a chronic HBV carrier, and cannot outlast a hepatitis B infection.

•It occurs primarily in I.V. drug abusers or those who have had multiple blood transfusions, but the highest incidence is in the Mediterranean, Middle East, and South America.

Type E Hepatitis (HEV), (enterically transmitted or epidemic non-A, non-B)

•Is caused by a nonenveloped, single-strand RNA virus.

•It is transmitted by the fecal-oral route but is hard to detect because it is inconsistently shed in the feces.

•Its occurrence is primarily in India, Africa, Asia, or Central America.

🥳NEW TYPE QUIZ🥳

🔻 Q. लाल रक्त कणिकाओं का जीवनकाल कितना होता है?

[A] 100 दिन
[B] 1 - 3 दिन
[C] 120 दिन
[D] 140 दिन

🔻 सभी स्टूडेंट्स सही उत्तर पर क्लिक करें 🔻