Banking IBPS SBI CLERK PO RRB SO ADDA

*SBI CLERK MAINS FIRST SHIFT QUESTION CLICKS HERE* 👇👇👇

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✅ Important Banking Terminologies

1. Repo Rate (Repurchase Rate)
The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities.

2. Reverse Repo Rate
The rate at which the RBI borrows money from commercial banks to absorb excess liquidity from the banking system.

3. CRR (Cash Reserve Ratio)
The percentage of a commercial bank’s total Net Demand and Time Liabilities (NDTL) that must be maintained as cash reserves with the RBI.

4. SLR (Statutory Liquidity Ratio)
The minimum percentage of NDTL that banks are required to maintain in the form of liquid assets like cash, gold, or approved government securities before providing credit.

5. NPA (Non-Performing Asset)
A loan or advance is classified as NPA if the interest or installment of principal remains overdue for more than 90 days.

6. MCLR (Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate)
The minimum interest rate below which a bank is not permitted to lend, except in some cases allowed by RBI.

7. Basel Norms
International banking regulations issued by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision to promote stability in the international financial system.

8. CASA (Current Account Savings Account) Ratio
The proportion of a bank’s total deposits held in current and savings accounts. A higher CASA ratio indicates lower cost of funds.

9. Priority Sector Lending (PSL)
Mandatory lending by banks to specified sectors of the economy like agriculture, MSMEs, education, housing, and weaker sections.

10. NBFC (Non-Banking Financial Company)
A company registered under the Companies Act engaged in financial services but does not hold a banking license.

11. RTGS (Real Time Gross Settlement)
A real-time fund transfer system where the transfer of funds occurs individually without netting.

12. NEFT (National Electronic Funds Transfer)
A nation-wide centralized payment system enabling one-to-one funds transfer between bank accounts.

13. IMPS (Immediate Payment Service)
An instant interbank electronic fund transfer service available 24x7 through mobile, internet banking, and ATMs.

14. UPI (Unified Payments Interface)
An instant real-time payment system developed by NPCI, facilitating inter-bank transactions via mobile platforms.

15. Inflation
A sustained increase in the general price level of goods and services in an economy over a period of time.

🟢 ISRO IN NEWS 2024-25 

🔷 ISRO recently faced a setback in its NVS-02 satellite mission due to thruster failure but is working on alternative strategies to utilize the satellite in its current elliptical orbit for the NavIC navigation system. 

🔶 The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to mark a milestone with its 100th launch. The GSLV-F15 mission, scheduled for January 29, 2025, will deploy the NVS-02 satellite from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre. 

🔷 The Union Cabinet approved the establishment of the Third Launch Pad (TLP) at Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC-SHAR), Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. 

🔶 Government of India appointed V. Narayanan as the 11th chairman of ISRO and Secretary of the Department of Space (DOS). He will succeed S. Somanath. 

🔷 ISRO's 100th mission, the NVS-02 satellite, is set for January 2025. 

🔶 Geosynchronous Launch Vehicle (GSLV) mission will mark this historic achievement, following the successful PSLV-C60 mission, which was ISRO’s 99th launch from Sriharikota spaceport. 

🔷 ISRO has successfully launched its critical space docking mission (SpaDex Mission). 

🔶 SpaDex mission is a technology demonstrator carrying two small spacecraft: 
- SDX01 (Chaser) 
- SDX02 (Target) 

🔷 ISRO successfully launched the ESA Probe 3 Spacecraft from the First Launch Pad, SDSC-SHAR, Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh, on December 5, 2024. 

🔶 ESA Probe 3 was launched onboard ISRO’s PSLV-C59. 

🔷 Elon Musk’s SpaceX successfully launched the New Space India Limited (NSIL) GSAT-20 (GSAT-N2 satellite) on November 19, 2024. 

🔶 ISRO and NASA will jointly launch NISAR satellite in early 2025 to track Earth’s surface on land and ice-covered regions. 

🔷 ISRO launched India’s first analog space mission in Leh, Ladakh. 

🔶 EOS-8 (Earth Observation Satellite-8) will be launched on August 15 by Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV)-D3 from Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. 

🔷 Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla & Prasanth Nair selected by ISRO for the upcoming International Space Station (ISS) mission, Axiom Mission-4. 

🔶 Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) and NewSpace India Limited (NSIL) signed an agreement to launch Nepal’s Munal satellite. 

🔷 Education Ministry sets up a 7-member high-level committee to reform the exam system, chaired by former ISRO chairman K Radhakrishnan. 

🔶 ISRO successfully tested a new liquid rocket engine at its Propulsion Complex, Mahendragiri, Tamil Nadu. 

🔷 PSLV-C58 rocket, in its 60th mission, successfully deployed XPoSat into Low Earth Orbit (LEO). 

🟢 Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) 
🔷 Founded: August 15, 1969 
🔶 Headquarters: Bengaluru, Karnataka 
🔷 Founder / 1st Chairman: Vikram Sarabhai 
🔶 11th Chairman: V. Narayanan 
🔷 Aryabhata – India’s first satellite (Launched April 19, 1975) 
🔶 GSAT-1 – India’s first commercial satellite 
🔷 SLV-3 – India’s first experimental satellite launch vehicle 
🔶 APPLE (Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment) – India’s first communication satellite (June 19, 1981) 
🔷 Udupi Ramachandra Rao – "Satellite Man of India"