Fibroids, also known as uterine fibroids or leiomyomas, are noncancerous (benign) growths that develop in or around the uterus. These tumors are made of muscle and fibrous tissue and can vary in size, from small, pea-sized nodules to large masses.
1.Causes of Fibroids:
The exact cause of fibroids is not known, but several factors are thought to contribute:
Hormonal Influence: Estrogen and progesterone, two hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle, are believed to encourage the growth of fibroids.
Genetics: A family history of fibroids increases the risk of developing them.
Age: Fibroids are more common in women between the ages of 30 and 40 but can develop at any age.
Race: African-American women are at a higher risk for developing fibroids, and they tend to develop them earlier and have larger fibroids.
Other Factors: Obesity, vitamin D deficiency, and early onset of menstruation may increase the risk.
2.Symptoms of Fibroids:
Some women with fibroids may not experience any symptoms, but common symptoms include:
Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Large fibroids can cause long, heavy periods or bleeding between periods.
Pelvic Pain or Pressure: Fibroids can cause a sensation of fullness or pressure in the pelvic area, leading to pain during intercourse or while urinating.
Frequent Urination: If fibroids press on the bladder, it can lead to frequent urination.
Back or Leg Pain: Large fibroids can put pressure on the back or legs, causing discomfort.
Infertility: Fibroids can sometimes interfere with pregnancy by blocking the fallopian tubes or affecting the implantation of the fertilized egg.
Abdominal Swelling: In some cases, fibroids can cause noticeable bulging in the abdomen.
3.Diagnosis of Fibroids:
Pelvic Exam: A doctor may feel the fibroids during a routine pelvic exam.
Ultrasound: This imaging test is often used to locate fibroids and assess their size.
MRI: In some cases, an MRI is used to get more detailed information about fibroid location and size.
Hysteroscopy: A small camera is inserted into the uterus to see inside and identify fibroids.
4.Treatment Options for Fibroids:
Treatment for fibroids depends on their size, location, symptoms, and the woman's overall health and preferences.
Medications:
NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs): Pain relievers like ibuprofen can help manage symptoms like pelvic pain.
Hormonal Therapy: Birth control pills, progestin injections, or IUDs can help control heavy bleeding.
GnRH Agonists: Drugs like leuprolide lower estrogen levels, shrinking fibroids temporarily, but are typically used for a short period due to side effects.
Tranexamic Acid: This medication helps reduce heavy bleeding.
Minimally Invasive Procedures:
Uterine Artery Embolization (UAE): This procedure cuts off the blood supply to the fibroids, causing them to shrink.
MRI-guided Focused Ultrasound Surgery (FUS): This non-invasive procedure uses high-frequency ultrasound waves to destroy fibroid tissue.
Laparoscopic or Robotic Myomectomy: This is a minimally invasive surgery to remove fibroids, preserving the uterus.
Surgical Treatment:
Hysterectomy: For women who are not concerned about fertility or if fibroids are large, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) is the most definitive treatment. It can be performed abdominally, vaginally, or laparoscopically.
Alternative and Complementary Treatments:
Some women use acupuncture or herbal remedies to manage fibroid symptoms, but these should always be discussed with a healthcare provider.
5.Prevention of Fibroids:
There is no guaranteed way to prevent fibroids, but maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, and managing hormone levels through contraception may help lower the risk.
