UPSC FIX 2024 - 25

⚡️ PLEDGE-2 # Remembering Examples/ Case Studies

1. Phase Change Materials for Enegy Storage.
●With 27% of global energy consumption occurring in the residential sector, harvesting and storing thermal energy is increasingly important.
●A promising technology is based on phase-change materials (PCMs) that absorb or release large amounts of heat when they change state, e.g. from solid to liquid.

2. Indonesian Authorities designing an effective catalyst to convert palm oil waste into sustainable biofuels.
● recently the fresh fruit bunch from palm oil has successfully been used, however the empty fruit bunch (EFB) and palm kernel shell (PKS) provide a more sustainable source of lignocellulose, a key component in second generation biofuel production.

3. Enhancing oil recovery
●Through the development of BP’s LoSal® (reduced salinity) enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology, modification of the brine chemistry of the injection fluid has been shown to play an important role in oil recovery performance.

4.Shining a light on new solar cell materials
●Organic based photovoltaics (OPV) that can be manufactured using environmentally friendly materials in low temperature, low cost continuous processes could make a significant contribution to total energy demands.

5. Treatment of Wastes From Nuclear Enegy Production
●Japan announced that the treated waste water contaminated by the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant will be released to the Pacific Ocean.

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⚡️ PLEDGE-1 # Remembering the Data

✅ Theme of the Day - ENERGY

1. India Rankings
●Producer- 3rd largest
●Consumer- 3rd largest
●Installed Capacity- 5th largest

2. India's per capita energy Consumption is about 1/3 of World's average per capita consumption.

3. Panchamrit Targets-
●reaching a non-fossil fuel energy capacity of 500 GW by 2030; ●fulfilling at least half of its energy requirements via renewable energy by 2030;
●reducing CO2 emissions by 1 billion tons by 2030
●reducing carbon intensity below 45 percent by 2030;
● finally pave the way for achieving a Net-Zero emission target by 2070.


4. Energy Mix
●Coal- 49.1%
●Renewables- 30.2%
●Hydro- 11.2%
●Nuclear-1.6%

5. IEA ELECTRICITY REPORT, 2024
●Coal-fired generation is expected to meet 68% of India's electricity demand by 2026, despite a decrease from 74% in 2023.

●India's electricity demand rose by 7% in 2023

●India's electricity demand is projected to outpace China's by 2026

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✅ Terms for Answer Writing

●Functional foods - minimally processed whole foods

●Canning Process- Vegetables and Fruits for longer shelf life

●Ready to eat Meals

●Food Fortification

●Food security

✅ Creative way of presenting an answer

F- Fortification / Food Security
O- Organised Markets
O- Optimal Infrastructure
D- Demand fulfillment

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⚡️ PLEDGE-1 # Remembering the Data

✅ Theme of the Day - Food Processing Industries

1. Food processing sector significantly contributes to India’s economy, accounting for 13% of exports and 6% of industrial investment.

2.The sector has attracted substantial foreign direct investments (FDI), with USD 4.18 billion pouring in from 2014 to 2020, indicating confidence in its future prospects.

3. By 2030, India is set to become the world's fifth-largest consumer of food and food technology. Currently 6th Largest .

4. Resources
● India ranks 1st in the production of – milk, ginger, banana, guava, papaya, mango, etc.
●Ranks 2nd in the production of rice, wheat, potato, sugarcane, cashew nut, tea, etc.
●It is among the top 5 countries in the production of coffee, tobacco, spices, seeds, etc.


5. Significance
●Share in world processed food trade 1.5%
●Share in India's exports -- More than 10%
●Share in Employment -- More than 12% (Highly employment Intensive sector)
●Informalisation -- 40% of the sector is Unorganised

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#Goodmorning

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⚡️ PLEDGE-1- REMEMBER THE DATA

✅ THEME - Disaster Management

1. India's vulnerability
● Floods- 12% area of the country
● Drought- 68% area of the country
● Earthquake- 60% area of the country.
● 76% of the coastline is prone to Tsunami/ Cyclones.

2. Global Climate Risk Index (2023) - India ranks 5th most vulnerable country in the world.

3. UN Weather Agency: India has to bear a loss of around USD 87 billion from extreme disaster events.

4. Global trends-
● WMO- Global economic cost of around USD 4.5 trillion due tk disasters.
●UN Report before COP 28 highlights- groundwater depletion(droughts), unbearable heatwaves and glacial melt (flooding) as the major disaster threats to the world.
● Direct Loss of Natural Resources in India due to Disasters - 1.7% of the GDP.

5. IPCC ASSESSMENT REPORT-6
● 45% population live in vulnerable areas .
● India remains one of the vulnerable Hotspot of Risk of Climate related Disasters such as flooding, heat waves, and sea level rise.


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⚡️ PLEDGE-2 - Preparing Case Studies / Examples

👉Case studies -

1. Kokrajhar traditionally has had high rates of undernutrition, malnourishment, anaemia and IMR/MMR. So, it was decided to use mushrooms as a tool to solve the challenge of malnutrition.

👉Impact of Introducing Mushrooms in diet
●Undernourishment in children reduced by 56%
●Anaemia in Children reduced by 76%
●Number of Wasted Children reduced by 55%

2. Case study on ineffectiveness of PM-Ayushman Bharat Yojana.
● Lack of Private Hospitals in Backward areas, specially hit by LWE.
● Lack of trust in quality of treatment in Government Hospitals resulting in Rush to Private Hospitals.
● Low carrying capacity of Private Hospitals.
Thus, need of Effective Public Sector Health Infrastructure along with treatment insurance for allover development of Health Ecosystem.

3. Case study on Ineffectiveness of Drugs Regulation in India
● Maiden Pharmaceuticals- "killer" cough syrup (Sonipat, Haryana)
● Chennai case of ' Spurious Drugs Kingpin '

4. Food wastage
● On an average about 40% of food gets wasted in an Indian Marriage and the country witnesses about 1 crore marriages a year.

5. Best Practices-
- Community Refrigerators in Western Countries to donate and preserve surplus food.

- Gleaning programs with farms to provide left over food after the harvest to the food banks.

Prepare well.

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⚡️ PLEDGE-1 - REMEMBER THE DATA

✅ Theme of the day- Healthcare in India

1. Expenditure on Health :

●Central Government- 2.1% of GDP in FY 2023-24.
●National Health Policy- aims to increase expenditure to 2.5% by 2025.
● Economic Survey 2021 and 15th Finance Commission recommends expenditure to be atleast 3% of GDP.
● Global average- 6% of GDP.


2. Availability :

● Doctor : Population Ratio- 1: 834 ( better than WHO norm of 1: 1000)
● 68% vacancy of Specialised Doctors in rural areas (Concentration of doctors in Urban areas)
● National Health Profile highlights availability of 0.9 beds / 1000 population, out of which only 30% is in rural areas.


3. Out of Pocket Health Expenditure (OOPE):
●National Health Accounts highlights significant Decline in OOPE, from 62.6%(2014-15) to 39.4% (2022-23) .


4. Disease Burden (WHO reports)
● 61% deaths in India due to Non-Communicable diseases.
●Diabetes - 11% population
●Hypertension- 35.5% population


5. National Family Health Survey -5
●Undernourished- 32.1% of population
●Wasting - 21% population
● Stunted under 5 - 38% children

👀Stay tuned for more such quality material.

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