Class 10 Notes

Introduction to Acids, Bases and Salts
Classification of matter


On the basis of
a) composition – elements, compounds and mixtures
b) state – solids, liquids and gases
c) solubility – suspensions, colloids and solutions

Types of mixtures – homogeneous and heterogeneous
Types of compounds – covalent and ionic

To know more about Classification of Matter,

What Is an Acid and a Base?
Ionisable and non-ionisable compounds
An ionisable compound when dissolved in water or in its molten state, dissociates into ions almost entirely. Example: NaCl, HCl, KOH, etc.
A non-ionisable compound does not dissociate into ions when dissolved in water or in its molten state. Example: glucose, acetone, etc.


Physical test
Given are two possible physical tests to identify an acid or a base.

a. Taste
An acid tastes sour whereas a base tastes bitter.
The method of taste is not advised as an acid or a base could be contaminated or corrosive.

b. Effect on indicators by acids and bases
An indicator is a chemical substance which shows a change in its physical properties, mainly colour or odour when brought in contact with an acid or a base.
Below mentioned are commonly used indicators and the different colours they exhibit:

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