Dear aspirants,
I think few corrections are needed in this framework. So refer this new framework for your answer writing. Please quote famous researchers in your answers.
Q.) Should we still distinguish between 'classic' and 'progressive' Neanderthals? Discuss the controversy surrounding Neanderthal's position in human evolution. (15M - 2022)
A.)
1.) Introduction - Time line
2.) Arguments for Distinction
2.1.) Morphological differences (Draw diagram): Classic and progressive Neanderthals exhibit distinct physical characteristics. (Svante Pääbo (2014): "Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes")
2.1.1.) Classic Neanderthals: Robust build, prominent forehead, heavy brow ridges, and protruding jaw
2.1.2.) Progressive Neanderthals: More modern human-like features, reduced brow ridges, and less protruding jaw
2.2.) Cultural and technological differences: Differences in tool use and cultural practices. (Frederick Coolidge (2012): "Neanderthal Cognitive Abilities")
2.2.1.) CN: Associated with Mousterian tools (around 160,000-40,000 years ago)
2.2.2.) PN: Associated with more advanced tools (e.g., Levalloisian, around 120,000-40,000 years ago)
2.3.) Evolutionary significance: Distinction may reflect adaptation to different environments. (David Reich (2010): "Genetic History of an Ancient Human")
2.3.1.) CN: Found primarily in Western Europe and Western Asia
2.3.2.) PN: Found in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa
3.) Arguments Against Distinction
3.1.) Continuum of variation: Neanderthal fossils exhibit a range of characteristics, making distinction arbitrary. (Erik Trinkaus (2006): "The Neanderthals")
3.2.) Geographic and temporal overlap: Classic and progressive Neanderthals coexisted. (Jean-Jacques Hublin (2012): "The Rhineland Neanderthals")
3.3.) Lack of clear boundaries: No clear morphological or temporal boundaries separate the two categories. (Chris Stringer (2012): "The Origin of Our Species")
3.) Controversy
3.1.) Gradual vs. abrupt transition: Debate surrounds whether the transition from classic to progressive Neanderthals was gradual or abrupt.
3.2.) Taxonomic implications: Researchers debate whether progressive Neanderthals represent a distinct species or variation within the Neanderthal population.
3.3.) Human-Neanderthal relationships: Interbreeding between humans and Neanderthals blurs species boundaries.
4.) Current Consensus (draw diagram/phylogeny)
4.1.) Neanderthals as a single species: Most researchers consider Neanderthals a single, variable species (Homo neanderthalensis).
4.2.) Regional variation: Recognize regional differences within the Neanderthal population.
4.3.) Interbreeding with humans: Acknowledge gene flow between Neanderthals and early modern humans.
5.) Conclusion
#Free_DAW_Program
#Framework
#Paper1
#Unit1_6
Submit your rewritten answer by 11 PM.
I think few corrections are needed in this framework. So refer this new framework for your answer writing. Please quote famous researchers in your answers.
Q.) Should we still distinguish between 'classic' and 'progressive' Neanderthals? Discuss the controversy surrounding Neanderthal's position in human evolution. (15M - 2022)
A.)
1.) Introduction - Time line
2.) Arguments for Distinction
2.1.) Morphological differences (Draw diagram): Classic and progressive Neanderthals exhibit distinct physical characteristics. (Svante Pääbo (2014): "Neanderthal Man: In Search of Lost Genomes")
2.1.1.) Classic Neanderthals: Robust build, prominent forehead, heavy brow ridges, and protruding jaw
2.1.2.) Progressive Neanderthals: More modern human-like features, reduced brow ridges, and less protruding jaw
2.2.) Cultural and technological differences: Differences in tool use and cultural practices. (Frederick Coolidge (2012): "Neanderthal Cognitive Abilities")
2.2.1.) CN: Associated with Mousterian tools (around 160,000-40,000 years ago)
2.2.2.) PN: Associated with more advanced tools (e.g., Levalloisian, around 120,000-40,000 years ago)
2.3.) Evolutionary significance: Distinction may reflect adaptation to different environments. (David Reich (2010): "Genetic History of an Ancient Human")
2.3.1.) CN: Found primarily in Western Europe and Western Asia
2.3.2.) PN: Found in Eastern Europe, Asia, and Africa
3.) Arguments Against Distinction
3.1.) Continuum of variation: Neanderthal fossils exhibit a range of characteristics, making distinction arbitrary. (Erik Trinkaus (2006): "The Neanderthals")
3.2.) Geographic and temporal overlap: Classic and progressive Neanderthals coexisted. (Jean-Jacques Hublin (2012): "The Rhineland Neanderthals")
3.3.) Lack of clear boundaries: No clear morphological or temporal boundaries separate the two categories. (Chris Stringer (2012): "The Origin of Our Species")
3.) Controversy
3.1.) Gradual vs. abrupt transition: Debate surrounds whether the transition from classic to progressive Neanderthals was gradual or abrupt.
3.2.) Taxonomic implications: Researchers debate whether progressive Neanderthals represent a distinct species or variation within the Neanderthal population.
3.3.) Human-Neanderthal relationships: Interbreeding between humans and Neanderthals blurs species boundaries.
4.) Current Consensus (draw diagram/phylogeny)
4.1.) Neanderthals as a single species: Most researchers consider Neanderthals a single, variable species (Homo neanderthalensis).
4.2.) Regional variation: Recognize regional differences within the Neanderthal population.
4.3.) Interbreeding with humans: Acknowledge gene flow between Neanderthals and early modern humans.
5.) Conclusion
#Free_DAW_Program
#Framework
#Paper1
#Unit1_6
Submit your rewritten answer by 11 PM.