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29 December 2024 Current Affairs in English & Hindi




➼ 'Congress Foundation Day' is celebrated  every year on 28 December in India . Let us tell you that the first session of the Congress was held on 28 December 1885.
भारत में हर वर्ष 28 दिसंबर को ‘कांग्रेस स्थापना दिवस’ मनाया जाता है। बता दें कि कांग्रेस का पहला अधिवेशन 28 दिसंबर, 1885 को हुआ था।

➼ The ' 11th Bhopal Science Fair' will be organised  jointly by Madhya Pradesh Council of Science and Technology and Vigyan Bharti from 27 to 30 December at Jambori Ground.
मध्य प्रदेश विज्ञान एवं प्रौद्योगिकी परिषद और विज्ञान भारती द्वारा संयुक्त रूप से ‘11वां भोपाल विज्ञान मेला’27 से 30 दिसंबर तक जंबूरी मैदान में आयोजित किया जाएगा।

➼ Prime Minister Narendra Modi will share his thoughts with the people of the country and abroad in the  ' Mann Ki Baat ' program on All India Radio on December 29. This will be the 117th episode of the monthly radio program.
प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी 29 दिसंबर को आकाशवाणी पर ‘मन की बात’ (Mann Ki Baat) कार्यक्रम में देश-विदेश के लोगों के साथ अपने विचार साझा करेंगे। यह मासिक रेडियो कार्यक्रम की 117वीं कड़ी होगी। 

➼ Recently, Phase-44 census has started in Madhya Pradesh's Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve . In this, more than 1200 trap cameras have been installed at 640 places in 9 areas of the Tiger Reserve. After this census, the data will be collected and sent to the Wildlife Institute, Dehradun. 
हाल ही में मध्य प्रदेश के ‘बाँधवगढ़ टाइगर रिजर्व’(Bandhavgarh Tiger Reserve) में फेस-44 की गणना शुरू हुई है। इसमें टाइगर रिजर्व के 9 परिक्षेत्रों में 640 स्थानों पर 1200 से अधिक ट्रैप कैमरे लगाए गए हैं। इस गणना के बाद आँकड़ों को एकत्रित कर वाइल्ड-लाइफ इंस्टीट्यूट देहरादून भेजा जाएगा।

➼ Uttarakhand's tableau based on 'adventure sports' will be displayed on the path of duty in ' Republic Day Parade-2025' . Adventure sports like rock climbing, paragliding, bungee jumping, trekking will be displayed in this tableau.
उत्तराखंड की ‘साहसिक खेल‘ पर आधारित झांकी ‘गणतंत्र दिवस परेड-2025’ में कर्तव्य पथ पर प्रदर्शित की जाएगी। इस झांकी में रॉक क्लाइम्बिंग, पैराग्लाइडिंग, बन्जी जम्पिंग, ट्रैकिंग जैसे साहसिक खेलों को प्रदर्शित किया जाएगा। 

➼ Shooting Olympian ' Vijayveer Sidhu' has won the gold medal in the men's 25m rapid fire pistol event at the 67th National Championship.
निशानेबाजी में ओलंपियन ‘विजयवीर सिद्धू’ ने 67वीं राष्ट्रीय चैंपियनशिप में पुरुषों की 25 मीटर रैपिड फायर पिस्टल स्पर्धा में गोल्ड मेडल जीता है।

➼ The profit of Indian banks has also increased for the sixth consecutive year in 2023-24. According to the report of the Reserve Bank of India, the financial position of Indian banks remains strong and this is also reflected in the steady increase in loans and deposits of banks.
भारत के बैंकों का लाभ लगातार छठे वर्ष 2023-24 में भी बढ़ा है। भारतीय रिजर्व बैंक की रिपोर्ट के अनुसार भारत के बैंकों की वित्तीय स्थिति मजबूत बनी हुई है और यह बैंकों के ऋण और जमा में लगातार वृद्धि से भी उजागर होती है।

➼ The country has produced the highest ever coal in 2023-24. Coal production in the year 2023-24 is 997.826 million tonnes as compared to 893.191 million tonnes in the year 2022-23 , which is about 11.71 percent more.
देश में 2023-24 में अब तक का सबसे अधिक कोयला उत्पादन हुआ है। वर्ष 2023-24 में कोयला उत्‍पादन वर्ष 2022-23 में 893.191 मिलियन टन की तुलना में 997.826 मिलियन टन हुआ है, जो कि लगभग 11.71 प्रतिशत अधिक है।


➼ The Indian Army contingent left for Nepal  on 29 December to participate in the 18th battalion level joint military exercise 'Exercise Surya Kiran' . This contingent consists of 334 soldiers. This exercise will be held in Saljhandi, Nepal from 31 December to 13 January 2025.
भारतीय सेना दल 29 दिसंबर को 18वें बटालियन स्‍तर के संयुक्‍त सैन्‍य ‘अभ्‍यास सूर्य किरण’ (Exercise Surya Kiran) में भाग लेने के लिए नेपाल रवाना हुआ है। इस दल में 334 सैनिक शामिल हैं। इस अभ्‍यास का आयोजन नेपाल के सलझंडी में 31 दिसंबर से 13 जनवरी 2025 तक होगा।

28 December 2024 Current Affairs in English & Hindi




➼ Every year on 27 December, 'International Day of Epidemic Preparedness' is celebrated  across the world .
हर वर्ष 27 दिसंबर को दुनियाभर में ‘अंतर्राष्ट्रीय महामारी तैयारी दिवस’ मनाया जाता है।

➼ Former Prime Minister of India 'Dr. Manmohan Singh' has passed away at the age of 92.
भारत के पूर्व प्रधानमंत्री ‘डॉ. मनमोहन सिंह’ का 92 वर्ष की आयु में निधन हो गया है।

➼ 'Hockey India League' is starting from 27 December in Rourkela, Odisha. Let us tell you that the opening match will be played between Delhi SG Pipers and Gonasika at Birsa Munda Hockey Stadium.
‘हॉकी इंडिया लीग’ 27 दिसंबर से ओडिशा के राउरकेला में शुरू हो रही है। बता दें कि उद्घाटन मैच दिल्ली एस.जी.पाइपर्स और गोनासिका के बीच बिरसा मुंडा हॉकी स्टेडियम में खेला जाएगा।

➼ The pair of Maheshwari Chauhan and Anantjeet Singh Naruka have won the Skeet mixed team title for their home state Rajasthan at the National Shooting Championship 2024 in New Delhi.
राष्ट्रीय निशानेबाजी चैंपियनशिप 2024 में महेश्वरी चौहान और अनंतजीत सिंह नरुका की जोड़ी ने नई दिल्ली में अपने गृह राज्य राजस्थान के लिए स्कीट मिश्रित टीम का खिताब जीता है।

➼ The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has constituted an eight-member committee to develop a framework for responsible and ethical use of artificial intelligence in the financial sector. This committee will be headed by Dr. Pushpak Bhattacharya.
भारतीय रिज़र्व बैंक (RBI) ने वित्तीय क्षेत्र में आर्टिफिशियल इंटेलिजेंस के जिम्मेदारी पूर्ण और नैतिक दृष्टि से सक्षम उपयोग की रूपरेखा विकसित करने के लिए आठ सदस्यीय समिति का गठन किया है। इस समिति का नेतृत्व डॉ. पुष्पक भट्टाचार्य करेंगे।

➼ Recently, the International Cricket Council has released the schedule of the ' Champions Trophy' . This tournament will be jointly hosted by Pakistan and the United Arab Emirates. This tournament will begin on 19 February, while the final will be played on 9 March.
हाल ही में अंतरराष्ट्रीय क्रिकेट परिषद ने ‘चैंपियंस ट्राफी’ का कार्यक्रम जारी कर दिया है। यह टूर्नामेंट पाकिस्‍तान और संयुक्त अरब अमीरात की संयुक्‍त मेजबानी में होगा। इस टूर्नामेंट की शुरुआत 19 फरवरी से होगी, जबकि फाइनल 9 मार्च को खेला जाएगा।

➼ 'Kareena Thapa' of Amravati district of Maharashtra has been awarded the  ' Prime Minister National Child Award' .
महाराष्ट्र के अमरावती जिले की ‘करीना थापा’ को ‘प्रधानमंत्री राष्ट्रीय बाल पुरस्कार’ से सम्मानित किया गया है।

➼ According to Union Information and Broadcasting Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw the WAVES OTT app has crossed over one million downloads in a month.
केंद्रीय सूचना और प्रसारण मंत्री अश्विनी वैष्णव के अनुसार WAVES ओटीटी ऐप ने एक महीने में दस लाख से अधिक डाउनलोड पार कर लिए हैं।

➼ Uttarakhand Chief Minister Pushkar Singh Dhami on December 26 launched the torch relay of the  ' 38th National Games' from Haldwani in Nainital district.
उत्तराखंड के मुख्यमंत्री पुष्कर सिंह धामी ने 26 दिसंबर को नैनीताल जिले के हल्द्वानी से ‘38वें राष्ट्रीय खेलों’ की मशाल यात्रा का शुभारंभ किया है। 

➼ According to the 'Election Commissionof India', 64 crore 64 lakh votes were cast in the 2024 Lok Sabha elections. Among these, the number of women voters is 65 point seven eight percent, which is more than that of men.
‘निर्वाचन आयोग’ के अनुसार 2024 लोकसभा चुनावों में 64 करोड़ 64 लाख वोट डाले गए। इनमें महिला मतदाताओं की संख्या 65 दशमलव सात आठ प्रतिशत है, जो पुरुषों के मुकाबले अधिक है।

➼ Recently the Bald Eagle has been officially declared the national bird of the USA.
हाल ही में बाल्ड ईगल को आधिकारिक तौर पर यूएसए का राष्ट्रीय पक्षी घोषित किया गया है।

### Steps for Improvement

1. Public-Private Partnerships (PPP):
- Encouraging corporate participation in building and maintaining sanitation infrastructure.
2. Use of Technology:
- Employing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for monitoring sanitation coverage.
3. Capacity Building:
- Training local bodies and stakeholders in effective waste management.
4. Community Involvement:
- Leveraging NGOs and community-based organizations for awareness and implementation.

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### Conclusion

Swachh Bharat Mission is a transformative initiative that has significantly improved India’s cleanliness and sanitation landscape. While its achievements are laudable, sustained efforts, community participation, and innovative
strategies are essential to address emerging challenges and ensure long-term success. For aspirants of the UPSC exam, understanding SBM with examples like Indore and Kerala showcases practical governance and its impact on society.

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### Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM): A Comprehensive Overview

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM), launched on October 2, 2014, by the Government of India, is a flagship cleanliness and sanitation program aimed at achieving universal sanitation coverage and eliminating open defecation in India. This mission aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 6 (SDG-6), which emphasizes clean water and sanitation for all.

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### Objectives of Swachh Bharat Mission

1. Eradication of Open Defecation:
- Building individual household latrines (IHHLs) and community toilets.
2. Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM):
- Creating infrastructure for waste segregation, collection, and treatment.
3. Behavioral Change:
- Educating citizens about the importance of cleanliness and sanitation.
4. Eliminating Manual Scavenging:
- Providing sanitation facilities and mechanized solutions.
5. Ensuring Sustainability:
- Promoting practices for long-term sanitation improvements.

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### Components of SBM

#### 1. Swachh Bharat Mission (Urban)
- Focus: Urban areas, including towns and cities.
- Implementation:
- Construction of community and public toilets.
- Establishment of Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) for waste management.
- Door-to-door garbage collection and treatment plants for waste-to-energy initiatives.

#### 2. Swachh Bharat Mission (Rural)
- Focus: Rural areas and villages.
- Implementation:
- Construction of Individual Household Latrines (IHHLs).
- Promotion of biogas plants for rural households.
- Awareness campaigns about hygiene practices, such as handwashing.

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### Achievements of Swachh Bharat Mission

1. Open Defecation Free (ODF) Status:
- Over 99% of rural India has been declared ODF.
- Nearly 110 million toilets constructed in rural areas.
2. Behavioral Change:
- Significant increase in toilet usage due to extensive awareness campaigns.
3. Waste Management:
- Over 2,200 cities have achieved 100% door-to-door waste collection.
- Urban areas increasingly adopting waste segregation at the source.
4. Recognition:
- India’s efforts recognized by global organizations like UNICEF and WHO.

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### Examples of Successful Implementation

#### 1. Gujarat's Nirmal Gram Yojana:
- Precursor to SBM; focused on promoting rural sanitation and public toilets.

#### 2. Indore (Cleanest City in India):
- Continuous winner of Swachh Survekshan Awards due to effective waste segregation, door-to-door collection, and composting practices.

#### 3. Kerala's ODF-Free Villages:
- Kerala achieved near-total sanitation through community participation and local governance.

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### Challenges in Implementation

1. Behavioral Resistance:
- Traditional practices and cultural barriers to adopting toilets.
2. Maintenance and Sustainability:
- Ensuring proper maintenance of public toilets and infrastructure.
3. Funding and Resources:
- Insufficient financial resources in some states for solid waste management.
4. Urban-Rural Divide:
- Urban areas fare better in waste management compared to rural regions.

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Daily Current Affairs: December 27, 2024

Stay informed with the latest developments from December 27, 2024, across various sectors:

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### National News

1. Punjab Achieves 100% Piped Water Supply to Rural Households

- Punjab has become the fifth state in India to provide 100% piped water supply to rural households, ensuring clean and safe drinking water for its rural population.

2. Arunish Chawla Appointed as New Revenue Secretary

- The Government of India has appointed Arunish Chawla as the new Revenue Secretary, entrusting him with the responsibility of overseeing the nation's revenue policies and administration.

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### International News

1. South Korea's President Yoon Suspended After Impeachment Vote

- South Korean President Yoon has been suspended following a parliamentary vote to impeach him, leading to significant political upheaval in the country.

2. France Dispatches Aid to Mayotte Following Cyclone Chido

- France has rushed aid to Mayotte, where hundreds are feared dead, and hunger is rising after the devastation caused by Cyclone Chido.

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### Economy and Business

1. Retail Sales in Great Britain Weaker Than Expected

- Despite early Black Friday deals, retail sales in Great Britain have been weaker than anticipated, indicating potential challenges in consumer spending.

2. Government Borrowing Lower Than Expected in November

- The UK's government borrowing for November has been reported lower than expected, suggesting a positive shift in the nation's fiscal health.

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### Science and Technology

1. NASA's Parker Solar Probe Sets New Records

- NASA's Parker Solar Probe has celebrated Christmas by achieving record-breaking proximity to the Sun, providing unprecedented data on solar phenomena.

2. Hospitals Trial AI to Predict Type 2 Diabetes Risk

- In the UK, hospitals are trialing artificial intelligence systems designed to predict the risk of type 2 diabetes in patients, aiming to enhance early intervention strategies.

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### Sports

1. Judd Trump Wins Second UK Snooker Championship Title

- Judd Trump has secured his second UK Snooker Championship title, defeating Barry Hawkins 10–8 in a thrilling final.

2. South Western Railway Renationalized Under Labour

- South Western Railway has become the first to be renationalized under the Labour government, marking a significant shift in the UK's transport policy.

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### Environment

1. Magnitude 7.4 Earthquake Strikes Near Vanuatu Capital

- A powerful earthquake with a magnitude of 7.4 has struck near the capital of Vanuatu, prompting concerns over potential tsunamis and aftershocks.

2. Cyclone Chido Causes Devastation in Mayotte

- Cyclone Chido has caused significant devastation in Mayotte, with hundreds feared dead and rising concerns over hunger and displacement.

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### Important Days

- International Day of Epidemic Preparedness

- Observed annually on December 27, this day emphasizes the importance of epidemic prevention, preparedness, and partnerships to tackle health crises effectively.

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