Immunology and Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
To understand how vaccines work and the foundation of 
recommendations for their use, it is helpful to understand the 
basic function of the human immune system. The following 
description is simplified; many excellent immunology textbooks 
provide additional detail. 
Immunity is the ability of the human body to tolerate the 
presence of material indigenous to the body and to eliminate 
foreign substances. This discriminatory ability to eliminate 
foreign substances is performed by a complex system of 
interacting cells called the immune system. Since most 
organisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, and fungi) are identified as 
foreign, the ability to identify and eliminate these substances 
provides protection from infectious diseases. Immunity is 
generally specific to a single organism or group of closely 
related organisms.
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